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To see all of the directories on your FreeBSD system, type find / -type d | lessAll the files? find / -type f | less

sh (the default Bourne shell in FreeBSD) supports command-line editing. Just``set -o emacs'' or ``set -o vi'' to enable it. Use "<TAB>" key to completepaths.

If you want to play CDs with FreeBSD, a utility for this is already included.Type 'cdcontrol' then 'help' to learn more. (You may need to set the CDROMenvironment variable in order to make cdcontrol want to start.)

In order to search for a string in some files, use 'grep' like this: grep "string" filename1 [filename2 filename3 ...]This will print out the lines in the files that contain the string. grep canalso do a lot more advanced searches - type 'man grep' for details.

Need to remove all those ^M characters from a DOS file? Try tr -d \\r < dosfile > newfile -- Originally by Dru <genesis@istar.ca>

Over quota? "du -sh * | sort -h " will give you a sorted list of yourdirectory sizes. -- David Scheidt <dscheidt@tumbolia.com>

If you use the C shell, add the following line to the .cshrc file in yourhome directory to prevent core files from being written to disk: limit coredumpsize 0 -- Dru <genesis@istar.ca>

If you want df(1) and other commands to display disk sizes inkilobytes instead of 512-byte blocks, set BLOCKSIZE in yourenvironment to 'K'. You can also use 'M' for Megabytes or 'G' forGigabytes. If you want df(1) to automatically select the best sizethen use 'df -h'.

To delete a range of ZFS snapshots, use the % (percent) character after thefull path to the first snapshot that should be included. For example, tosimulate deleting snapshots a through (including) d, use this command:# zfs destroy -rvn mypool/tmp@a%dOnce you are sure that this is what you want, remove the -n option:# zfs destroy -rv mypool/tmp@a%d -- Benedict Reuschling <bcr@FreeBSD.org>

To see the last 10 lines of a long file, use "tail filename". To see thefirst 10 lines, use "head filename". To see new lines as they're appendedto a file, use "tail -f filename". -- Dru <genesis@istar.ca>

To see how long it takes a command to run, type the word "time" before thecommand name. -- Dru <genesis@istar.ca>

ZFS can display I/O statistics for a given pool using the iostat subcommand.By default, it will display one line of current activity. To display statsevery 5 seconds run the following command (cancel with CTRL+C):zpool iostat 5To view individual disk activities, specify the -v parameter:zpool iostat -vOf course, both can be combined. For more options, see zpool(8). -- Benedict Reuschling <bcr@FreeBSD.org>

You can press up-arrow or down-arrow to walk through a list ofprevious commands in tcsh.

Need to quickly empty a file? Use ": > filename". -- Dru <genesis@istar.ca>

To determine whether a file is a text file, executable, or some other typeof file, use file filename -- Dru <genesis@istar.ca>

To run rc scripts in /etc/rc.d and /usr/local/etc/rc.d use service(8).Run "service ${name_of_rc_script} start" to start a daemon and"service ${name_of_rc_script} stop" to stop it. -- Lars Engels <lme@FreeBSD.org>

Can't delete /usr/obj? Enter "chflags -R noschg /usr/obj" to remove thesystem immutable flag for all files in /usr/obj. -- Lars Engels <lme@FreeBSD.org>

Need to see which daemons are listening for connection requests? Use"sockstat -4l" for IPv4, and "sockstat -l" for IPv4 and IPv6. -- Dru <genesis@istar.ca>

"man firewall" will give advice for building a FreeBSD firewall using ipfw(8). -- David Scheidt <dscheidt@tumbolia.com>

"man security" gives very good advice on how to tune the security of yourFreeBSD system.