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Today in #FreeSoftwareAdvent it's the venerable ssh(1)/sshd(8)

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  • Today in it's the venerable ssh(1)/sshd(8)

    While I grew up in an age where telnet(1) was my only option, the ssh folks made it a pretty drop-in replacement for the sorts of things I did with telnet, so switching was easy.

    With the exception of when I'm rebooting or our ISP is having issues, I almost always have at least one SSH connection open and likely more than one connection to other hosts. Even in the "security" of our LAN in the house, I still SSH between machines rather than use unencrypted connections for transfer.

    I love being able to run things remotely and use them locally, such as

    $ ssh me@remote dmesg | xsel -ib

    to put the remote machine's dmesg output on my system clipboard or

    $ tar czvf - /path/to/data | ssh me@remote 'cd /destination/path ; tar xzf -'

    to transfer a directory tree to a remote machine.

    It generally has sensible defaults, allows me to force key-based authentication rather than username+password auth.

    It allows me to limit $DAYJOB customers to SFTP-only access within their designated chroot directories, insulating them from each other.

    I use it to tunnel into work and forward my RDP VM's screen so I can access it locally with rdesktop(1)

    So many delightful little uses.

    Definitely worth reading @mwl's SSH book to learn more: https://mwl.io/archives/3126

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    Following on the heels of ssh(1) yesterday, today's #FreeSoftwareAdvent is rsync(1).It's one of the key elements in my podcast listening (more on that to come later this month), where my podcatcher pulls down podcasts into a backlog tree structure, and I rsync the whole thing to my phone for listening. It also undergirds my blog deployment, building in Nikola (still gotta find some time to switch that to my custom Makefile driven build process) and then rsync'ing the output/ tree up to my web-server.And last night our teen wanted our family photo website content's pictures for a school project, so I was able to rsync the latest copy of them to a backup USB drive that he could browse offline.It's reliable and does a particular job (keeping two directory trees in sync) very well. Yes, ZFS send/receive is more efficient if both sides support it and they're whole datasets, but that's not always the case.Also, since I use bash as my shell, the "^" substitution makes it easy to issue something like$ rsync -n -avr $SRC $DESTand if it looks good, use$ ^-nto remove the dry-run flag and run it for real.
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    Today in #FreeSoftwareAdvent, I want to appreciate OfflineIMAP/mbsync. Both have served me well for bringing a remote IMAP mailbox locally and keeping it in sync across multiple machines, allowing me to mow through mail even when offline, and then have reasonable confidence that everything will just sync back up when I go online again.
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    Today in #FreeSoftwareAdvent it's ZFS. It gives me• all in one volume management (no volume-groups and logical volumes and manually resizing partitions on those logical volumes with a dozen different commands, no playing the "oof, need more space on partition A and have too much free space on partition B, back up all the files, nuke both, shuffle partition-sizes/locations, restore the files" dance)• transparent file compression• transparent volume encryption• fast and effectively free snapshots and clones (you start paying the cost if they diverge or deleting files that remain in a snapshot, but that's to be expected)• same-disk redundancy with copies=2 to help prevent against bitrot, and multi-disk redundancy with effectively zero effort• the CoW means no need for fsck(8) horribly slowing my boots or finding orphaned fragments of files and shunting them into a lost+found/ directory (my biggest frustration with OpenBSD's FFS2) in the event of an abrupt power loss• efficient send/receive (beats rsync hands down in terms of speed)• fine-grained quota/reservation control• utilities make scripting easy with output-formatting options• cross-OS support in a way that very few other filesystems provide (other than FAT 😆)I'm sure there are additional reasons that didn't percolate to the top of my brain, but it's just so much more pleasant than any other disk management I've done on any OS.
  • Today it's awk(1)

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    Today it's awk(1)I use it almost daily—from simple column-extraction (specifying column separators and mashing together various columns feels easier with awk than with sort(1)), to summing and running totals, to aggregating counts of data, to reformatting text, etc…so many little uses pop up.It's available on every POSIX platform making it easy to write cross-platform utilities without having to install additional run-times like Python/Ruby/Node and the heavy dependencies that come with them.I've even written cgi-bin/ scripts in awk, allowing dynamic data processing on my stock OpenBSD systems with httpd+SlowCGI without non-stock software in the chroot.https://blog.thechases.com/categories/awk/#FreeSoftwareAdvent