The MOST Effective Thermal Mass Works Like a Sunburn
Way, way back in the days when men wore beards and wide-lapelled suits in exotic colors, only NASA had access to photovoltaics and âsolarâ meant solar thermal. In those days of appropriate technology, it was thought that the ultimate in thermal mass was a phase-change materialâ a salt or wax that in melting and re-freezing could hold far more heat than plain rock or water, which were more often used. Well, now that itâs the 21st century, weâve got something even better. As Ars Technica reports about a recent paper in Science Magazine, Molecular Solar Thermal (MOST) energy storage can blow that old stuff right out of the water.
Molecular energy storage? Thatâs where the sunburn comes in. A sunburn occurs because proteins in your skin are denaturedâ kinked, twisted, and knocked out of shapeâ by ultraviolet light. The researchers realized that those kinky proteins are pretty energetic: like a spring, theyâre storing energy in their distorted structure. Even better, certain chemicals, like the pyrimidone in the study, donât ârelaxâ the way a phase change material does. Itâs not a matter of warming up and giving up the energy stored in the molecular structure when cooling downâ the energy needs coaxed out, in this case by an acidic solution.
That poses problems for a closed-loop system, since youâd be continuously diluting the pyrimidone with heat-releasing acid and neutralizing base. On the other hand, 1.65 MJ/kg of energy storage is nothing to sneeze at, especially when youâre collecting it with nothing more technically advanced than a fluid running through clear tubing. Conveniently enough, researchers found a way to make this stuff liquid at room temperature.
Comparing the heat in this MOST storage material to electrical potential in a battery is a case of apples and oranges, but in terms of pure energy density the pyrimidone cooked up for the paper is in the same range as Li-Ion batteries. There is some self-discharge, in that the altered âdewarâ state of the pyrimidone decays naturally, but with a half-life of upto 481 days, you could imagine storing up a tankful UV-altered pyrimidone all year round to provide your winterâs heat.
Thereâs not much power making it to surface in the UV, but lower energy photons cannot effect the transition.
Itâs not perfect. Right now you get about 20 âcharge cyclesâ before the molecules break down, but then, if youâre using this for seasonal load-spreading, a two-decade service life is nothing to shake a stick at. Itâs only collecting energy from the UV range of the spectrum, which is a tiny fraction of the energy from our sun. The quantum efficiency of the molecule is rather poor as wellâ it takes a lot of photons to get a dewar transition.
With solar photovaltaics being as cheap as they are, thermal builds are few and far betweenâ even solar water heaters are powered by PV these days. Of course if youâre somewhere that doesnât get much sun, you could always go for wind power instead.
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hackaday.com/2026/02/25/the-moâŠ