@stefano
FTTH can be consisted with several types of topologies / technologies used.
Most common 3 patterns would be:
*Simple media converter. No sharing of a fiber end to end, at least
per wavelength.
*Active Optical Network (active star). One or more 1:n star topology,
each of the stars are controlled by managed channel divider.
Upstream side of fibers are shared.
*Passive Optical Network. One or more 1:n star topology,
in each of stars, signals are splitted into n downstream and
merged into 1 upstream using optical prism.
As all downstream fibers receive exactly the same signals,
each sides of all terminals need to be strictly synchronized
and each packet is needed to contain initiator and target
to determine the packet to be for /from which terminal.
Basically, the latter, the cheaper.
And if the upstream terminal has no free connector, need to wait until any of them are freed or introduced additional terminal.
Active star has another bottleneck on supply chain, channel divider. This is (AFAIK) less common, thus, possibly hard to quickly obtain.